What is trafficking?
Trafficking involves transporting people away from the communities in which they live and forcing them to work against their will using violence and deception. When children are trafficked, no violence, deception or coercion needs to be involved: simply transporting them into exploitative conditions constitutes trafficking. People are trafficked both between countries and within the borders of a state.
Once having crossed the border, a trafficked migrant is further exploited in coercive or inhuman conditions. People are trafficked for the purpose of sexual and labour exploitation or the removal of organs. Women and children are particularly affected: women and girls represent 56 % of victims of forced economic exploitation and 98 % of victims of involuntary commercial sexual exploitation. Children are also trafficked to be exploited for begging or illegal activities, such as minor theft.
The vast majority of people who are trafficked are migrant workers. They are seeking to escape poverty and discrimination, improve their lives and send money back to their families. They hear about well-paying jobs abroad through family, friends or recruitment agencies. But when they arrive in the country they find that the work they were promised does not exist and they are forced instead to work in jobs or conditions to which they did not agree.
The UN definition of trafficking
Article 3 of the United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the Convention on Transnational Organised Crime (2000), defines trafficking as:
"the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception,
of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purposes of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery or servitude or the removal of organs."
Victims
The majority of women and girls who are victimised are between the ages of 18 and 24, 1.2 million children trafficked every year, 95% experience physical or sexual violence, 43% used for forced commercial sexual exploitation 98% being women and girls, 32% used for forced economic exploitation.
The Facts about Human Trafficking
1. Human Trafficking is the fastest growing form of international crime and is now the second largest illegal trade in the world.
2. It is estimated that 600,000 – 800,000 people are trafficked across international borders each year.
3. The UK is a significant destination country for women, children and men to be trafficked into the sex trade.
4. One woman can earn a trafficker between £500 and £1000 a week, that’s £26,000-£52,000 per year from one victim. Trafficking for sexual exploitation is a high-profit and low-risk effort for traffickers however not for the sufferers; some women are forced to work 16 hours and have sex with numerous men a day.
5. Most women and children trafficked for sexual manipulation suffer life-threatening violations of their human rights, including the right to liberty, the right to dignity and security of person, the right not to be held in slavery or involuntary enslavement, the right to be free from unpleasant and inhumane treatment, the right to be free from violence and the right to health.
6. Physical violence, psychological torture, physical restraint in the form of locks and guards, drugging, and instilling fear through threats are just some of the ways traffickers control their victims. Trafficked migrants usually have their passports taken away on arrival. Without their documents they cannot prove they have a right to be in the country and therefore cannot go to the authorities for assistance.
7. If trafficked-women are freed or manage to escape, immigration policies in the UK can put them at risk of deportation. This makes women very vulnerable to re-trafficking, to becoming perpetrators of trafficking or to being rejected by their families and communities; some of whom may have sold them in the first place.
8. Whilst the help available to victims of human trafficking in the UK is limited, there is legislation in place to support these women once identified. However, if these women are not identified as victims of trafficking or they do not fulfil the specific criteria, for example being willing to testify against their traffickers, then they risk being labelled as illegal immigrants without the help and support of groups working to aid these women, they often slip through the gaps and are denied any specific support or opportunity.
9. There are currently three housing providers across the whole of the UK who provide 80 spaces for survivors of trafficking; one of these is government funded.